The Stages of Pregnancy: A Journey Through Each Trimester

Disclaimer: This blog discusses postpartum recovery based on a typical birth experience. Every journey is unique, so consult your healthcare provider for personalised guidance that suits your specific circumstances.

Your baby grows fast!

Though still tiny, your baby is growing at an incredible rate! Around week 5, they’re about the size of an apple seed and, by week 8, they reach the size of a raisin. They may have a tadpole-like shape now, but the tail-like structure will soon form into the base of their spine.

Your baby is developing from three distinct layers:

• The first layer will develop into the nervous system and brain.
• The second layer forms the major organs, like the digestive system and lungs.
• The third layer will develop into the heart, blood vessels, muscles, and skeleton.

Floating inside the amniotic sac, which will protect them throughout the pregnancy, your baby may begin to make small movements. Although they’re already starting to wiggle, it will be a little while before you can feel these early motions.

Did you know? In Sūrah al-Mu’minūn (The Believers), the Qur’ān describes the stages of human development as follows:

“And certainly did We create man from an extract of clay. Then We placed him as a drop of sperm, firmly fixed. Then We made the sperm into a clot of congealed blood, and of that clot We made an embryo; then We made out of that lump, bones, and clothed the bones with flesh. Then We developed another creation out of it. So blessed is God, the best of Creators” (Qur’ān 23:12–14).

‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd reported that the Prophet ﷺ said:

“Each one of you is constituted in the womb of the mother for forty days, and then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period, and then a piece of flesh for a similar period. Then God sends an angel who is ordered to write four things: his deeds, his livelihood, the date of his death, and whether he will be blessed or wretched. Then the soul is breathed into him…” (Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: 3036).

From these verses and narrations, the Fuqahā conclude that the soul enters the foetus at around 120 days. This marks a shift from biological life to the formation of a complete human identity. Around the middle of the second trimester, the foetus is seen as a living being with a unique identity. 

The development of a child within the womb is a miracle, a complex journey crafted and overseen entirely by Allah. He knows every intricate detail of this process, for He is the One who designed it and sustains it with precision. The Qur’ān mentions the womb as a symbol of divine wisdom and care:

“Allah — surely nothing is hidden from Him in the earth or in the heaven. He it is who shapes you in the wombs as He likes; there is no god but He, the Mighty, the Wise” (Qur’ān 3:5-6).

First trimester (weeks 1–12): the beginning of life

The first trimester begins from the moment of conception and lasts until the end of week 12. It’s a time of foundational growth. Though the external signs of pregnancy might not yet be visible, inside, there are major transformations happening at a cellular level. From a single fertilised egg, the baby begins to grow into a fully-formed being and human life begins taking shape.

Changes in mum

The first trimester comes with a cascade of changes that set the foundation for pregnancy. Here’s what you might expect:

• Fatigue: Hormonal shifts, especially increased progesterone, can make you feel unusually tired.
• Morning sickness: Many experience nausea and vomiting, often called “morning sickness,” though it can happen at any time of the day.
• Breast tenderness: Swollen and sensitive breasts are among the earliest signs of pregnancy.
• Mood swings: Shifts in hormones might make you feel more emotional or prone to mood changes.
• Food aversions or cravings: You may find yourself suddenly drawn to—or repelled by—certain foods.

Baby’s development

During this phase, baby undergoes rapid growth and development, and several key milestones occur:

• Week 4: The brain and spinal cord begin to form.
• Week 5: Their heart and blood vessels are starting to form.
• Week 7: The heart develops a steady rhythm and begins to pump blood.
• Week 8: Your baby has tiny hands and feet with webbed fingers and toes, and their lungs have started to grow.
• Week 12: Nerves and muscles start working together, and external genitalia are forming, revealing whether it’s a boy or a girl.

Baby grows rapidly during this trimester, and by the end of week 12, they are about 3 inches long and weigh approximately 1 ounce.

Some tips

The first trimester brings many new sensations and challenges as your body begins to adjust. To cope with fatigue, it’s really important to listen to your body’s signals. Make rest a priority whenever you can, even if it means taking short naps or reducing your workload. This’ll help your body conserve energy for the incredible task it’s undertaking.

If you’re feeling queasy, try eating small, frequent meals to keep nausea at bay. Light, easy-to-digest snacks like crackers, fruit, or yoghurt can be easier on the stomach. It’s also helpful to stay hydrated, so keep water close by and sip throughout the day.

Remember, taking a prenatal vitamin provides essential nutrients to support you and your baby’s growth. Make it part of your daily routine, ideally with a meal to help with absorption and reduce any queasiness. Taking these small steps can make the start of your pregnancy feel more manageable.

Second trimester (weeks 13–27): the golden period

The second trimester is often referred to as the “honeymoon” phase of pregnancy. Typically, many of the early discomforts, like nausea and fatigue, begin to fade. This is also when the baby bump starts to show, making the experience feel more tangible and exciting.

Changes in mum

Many women find the second trimester to be the most enjoyable as energy levels increase and the pregnancy becomes more visible. Here’s what you can expect:

• More energy: The fatigue from the first trimester usually diminishes, bringing a renewed sense of vitality.
• Feeling baby move: Between weeks 16 and 20, you’ll likely feel your baby’s first movements, often described as gentle flutters.
• Body changes: As the uterus expands, your belly grows, making the pregnancy more noticeable.
• Swelling: Mild swelling in the feet and ankles is common due to increased fluid retention.
• Congestion: Increased blood flow and hormonal changes can cause nasal stuffiness or minor nosebleeds.

Baby’s development

During this phase, baby’s senses and physical abilities develop rapidly:

• Weeks 13–16: Eyelashes, eyebrows, and nails begin to form.
• Week 18: Baby can now hear sounds from the outside world.
• Week 20: Your baby starts to develop sleep and wake cycles.
• Weeks 24–27: The brain grows rapidly, and baby begins to practise breathing movements.

By the end of this trimester, your baby is roughly 13-16 inches long and weighs about 2-3 pounds.

Some tips

With the arrival of the second trimester, many women find they have a bit more energy and can return to activities they enjoy. Gentle exercise, like walking or prenatal yoga, can be a great way to stay active while keeping your circulation flowing. Physical activity can help ease any swelling and make you feel more energised. So try to move in a way that feels comfortable!

As hydration becomes more important, aim to drink water throughout the day. Staying hydrated helps prevent headaches, light-headedness, and supports your baby’s growing needs.

Since some women experience mild swelling in the feet and legs, try elevating your feet whenever possible. Taking moments to prop up your feet can help improve circulation and prevent discomfort. This will allow you to rest and relax while caring for your body. Remember to appreciate these moments of calm — they’re opportunities to nurture yourself and connect with your growing baby.

Third trimester (weeks 28–40): the home stretch

The third trimester marks the final stage of pregnancy as both you and your baby prepare for birth. Your body is undergoing significant changes to accommodate the baby’s growth, and the anticipation of meeting your child can be both thrilling and overwhelming.

Changes in mum

The physical demands of pregnancy peak in the third trimester, leading to a few new changes:

• Shortness of breath: As the baby grows and the uterus expands, it takes up more space. This leaves less room for the lungs to fully inflate.
• Backaches and discomfort: The added weight and pressure on the spine and joints can lead to back pain and discomfort in the hips and pelvis.
• Braxton Hicks contractions: These are practice contractions that can occur throughout the third trimester as the body prepares for labour.
• Frequent urination: Baby’s head may press against the bladder, leading to more trips to the bathroom.

Baby’s development

In these final weeks, baby’s organs continue to mature, and their body prepares for life outside the womb:

• Weeks 28–32: The brain and lungs develop rapidly, and baby continues to gain weight.
• Weeks 32–36: Baby’s movements become more restricted due to the limited space, but you’ll still feel kicks and rolls.
• Week 37 onward: The baby “drops” into the pelvis, preparing for birth. The skin becomes smoother, and fat continues to accumulate.

By the time your baby is full-term (around 40 weeks), they will weigh between 6-9 pounds and measure about 19-21 inches long.

Some tips

The third trimester can bring new physical challenges as your baby grows and your body prepares for labour. Practising Kegel exercises helps strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, which can aid in both labour and postpartum recovery. Continuing gentle exercises can be quick and easy ways you build resilience as you approach delivery.

Sleep can become tricky with a growing belly. But try sleeping on your side — especially your right side — to improve circulation and support your baby. Placing pillows between your knees, under your belly, or at your back can help you find a more comfortable position, allowing for better rest during these final weeks.

This period might be filled with uncertainties — about the health of the baby, the childbirth experience, and life after becoming a parent. It is the perfect opportunity to reflect on the concept of tawakkul (trust in Allah). Allah reminds us:”And whoever puts their trust in Allah, He will suffice them.” (Qur’ān 65:3). Having trust in Allah’s plan can help provide you a sense of reduced anxiety, calm and acceptance, even when facing unexpected challenges. 

Lastly, remember to take it one day at a time. Rest when you can, and trust in the strength of your body. You’re doing an amazing job preparing for this beautiful new chapter. Embrace the support of friends, family, and your healthcare team, and know that you’re not alone on this journey! We are rooting for you!!

A gentle Islamic perspective

In Islam, pregnancy is seen as a time of immense honour and reward. In fact, women who endure the trials of pregnancy with patience and perseverance are promised significant rewards. Allah acknowledges the physical toll and emotional strength required during pregnancy, reminding us: “His mother carried him with hardship and gave birth to him with hardship…” (Qur’ān 46:15). This verse beautifully affirms that every moment of difficulty — whether physical pain, emotional strain, or sleepless nights — is seen, valued, and rewarded by Allah ﷻ. 

The Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ reminded us:

“No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim, even if it were the prick he receives from a thorn, but that Allah expiates some of his sins for that.” (Bukhārī 5641, Muslim 2573)

One of the most powerful examples of resilience in motherhood is the story of Maryam (ʿalayhā al-salām). In Surah Maryam, it’s mentioned that as she faced the pains of labour alone, she cried out to Allah in distress: “And the pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. She said, ‘Oh, I wish I had died before this and was in oblivion, forgotten’” (Qur’ān, 19:23). Her raw and human expression of distress reflects the profound emotional and physical challenges of childbirth. For mothers who have experienced childbirth, her story resonates deeply. Allah ﷻ fully understands the intensity of these struggles, and provided her with sustenance, comfort, and reassurance. No struggle goes unnoticed by Him ﷻ. For those who haven’t experienced childbirth, her experience helps build empathy. The Qur’ān allows us to hear her voice, feel her distress, and see her reliance on Allah during her trial. When we face moments of isolation or hardship, we can take comfort in knowing that, just Allah is the All-Knowing, fully aware of every hardship, offering His divine mercy when it is needed most.

The Qur’ān narrates: “A voice called out to her, ‘Do not worry: your Lord has provided a stream at your feet. And, if you shake the trunk of the palm tree, it will deliver fresh ripe dates for you. So eat, drink, and be glad…” (Sūrah Maryam: 24-26). This passage is rich with spiritual lessons. Despite her exhaustion, Maryam (as) was instructed to take action by shaking the palm tree. This is a reminder that even in our weakest moments, we are encouraged to make an effort, trusting that Allah will multiply the results. 

Just as Allah responded to Maryam’s (as) need, His mercy extends to every expecting mother. He sees every tear, every fear, and every unspoken prayer. The same Lord who provided for Maryam (as) will sustain you throughout your pregnancy journey. Turning to Him with your worries, struggles, and hopes can bring comfort and peace. Every challenge faced in pregnancy, from morning sickness to labour pains, becomes an act of spiritual significance when endured with patience and reliance on Him. Trust in His wisdom, seek His guidance. And, remember that you are never alone — Allah is the Most Loving and Merciful!

Final thoughts

Pregnancy is a unique journey, and each trimester brings new physical and emotional challenges. Embracing each stage with patience can help you stay connected to both your health and your baby’s development. Remember that while these symptoms and changes are common, each pregnancy is individual! Always consult your healthcare provider if you feel unsure or uncertain about anything!

It can also be an emotionally overwhelming time. So do seek support from your loved ones and communities. Share your experiences, and connect with others who uplift and support you on your pregnancy journey.

As you progress through the stages of pregnancy, remember to stay mindful. Allah’s support is constant, and through trusting in Him, you will find your own small miracles and relief in times of ease and difficulty!